Tube-blank and method of waking the same



(No Model.)

O. A. MARSHALL.

TUBE BLANK AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME. N0. 377,317.-

atented Jan. 31

dramas fjlLkRl-QES Paras Friesa Ahiili MEN-50E? BF ii/iAKlNG THE SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part; of Letters Patent No. 377,317, dated January 31, 1888.

Application filed March 19, 19.86.

is and i n the Method or and. I do hereby declare the following dear, and xact ('leseription of the ch as wilt enable others skilled in ,ch it upper-thins to maize and use to be. a

some;

lav-ca ion relates to an improvement; in auizs and in the method or process of provide a tuim blank, paron or steel, which may be opened a seamless tube having an interior f superior finish, walls of a uniform rcguiariy increasing or dehg thickness, and free from tendency to these ends in view my invention con- ..irst eastin an got around a core of y material, and then, by flat 1 or by llatiand edge rolling combined, rc-

V, out-mg the cast ingot w th yielding refractory m. tor at therein to a Ll tteucd blank.

Jnfy invention further consists in first castng an ingot around a core of yielding rcfracry material partially or entirely surrounded. previmisly-worhcd metal and then rcducno the cast ingot to a flattened blank.

My invention. further consists in first castan ingot around a core of refractory material; secondly, reducing the ingot to a flat toned form, and, f nally, trimming" the edges of liattened form to complch: the blank.

ty iuvcntiim further consists in a tiattcned tune-blank having a partial or complete core lining of superior metal welded thereto.

My invention further consists in certain steps of procedure and in features of construction, which will be hereinafter more fully de scribed, and pointed out in the claims.

in the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view of he ingot cast around a core of fractory material, the latter being completely iucascd'withiu aprimitive tube of previouslywrought metal. Fi 2 represents the same reduced to a flattened form, and Fig. :5 represents the same with edges trimmed or the completed blank. Figs. 2, .3, t 7, t5, 9 represent Serial No. 195,830. (X0 model.)

ingots having modified forms of core, and Figs. 10 and 11 represent; modified exterior forms of blanks.

In the several figures, A represents the ingot metal; B, the core of yielding refractory ma tcrial; (l, the core-casing or ingohlining or previously-worlced metal, and I) the completed blank.

In forming the ingotl preferably employ a core, 1 of powdered or finely-divided arefrae' tory material.v \Vhcn the said core is lncased in previously-'worked metal, which may be hereinafter referred to as superior metal, itmay consist of powdered or finely-divided graphite mixed with powdered ouiieelydivided dry fire brick or clay. W'hen used without such casing, it may. consist of powdered or finely-divided graphite with powdered or finely-divided fire-clay mixed sparingly therewith, the clay having been mixed in a damp state and the water having been expelled by subsequent bakin The latter steps are for the purpose of rendering the core sufficiently cohercnt'to retain its form while the ingot metal is being cast around it.

. I, prefer to cast the ingots with the core incloscd at, the ends by ingot; metal. \Vhcn this is not done, the ends may be plugged with metal or forged together or closed in any way that will prevent escape of the refractory material during the first few passes. By my method of flat and edge rolling,- the ingot or blank the tendency of the refract' y material to escape at the ends is soon neutralized by the friction of the particles one with another and with the interior surface of blank.

\Vhen working with my preferred form of ingot, the matter of closing the ends is of minor importance, except in the case of the. edge thickness being very smalhwhcn the solid ends aid to prevent splittin Other forms of ingot I work so as to reduce the core to the form of a thin layer as soon as practicable.

A core so formed will readily disintegrate when external pressure is applied to the ingot.

The above constituents, while forming an ellicient core, are selected from numerous subusing or lining, whichmay be anything between no casing whatever and a complete casing, would naturally determine the degree of coherence required of the refractory core.

The core-casing or ingot-lining consists ,preferably, of wrought metal-iron or steel-freed as far as possible from redshortness and having its surface toward the ingot metal bright and in good. condition for forming a weld.

The object of the core of refractory material is the same when thecasing of superior metal is used as when the core material is used alone,

in so far as it prevents the interior walls of the casing from welding during the reducing process. The amount of refractory material required for this purpose when a casing of superior metal is used naturally depends upon the thickness of the casing and the properties than could be employed without such partial casing; second, it furnishes a smooth regular and dense interior to the ingot. This in. most cases is of greater importance at the edges of the slit than elsewhere, since it is at those points that the greater strain will come in opening greater the blank, and there is where the danger of splitting occurs both in fiat rolling and in opening.

In cases where the edge strengthening is not necessary, because of the final shape of the tube or little strain in opening, the casing forms a finished interior and welds to the ingot metal so perfectly as to almost or quite lose its identity.

The refractory core, either alone or with its partial or complete superior metal casing, having been located within a mold, the ingot metal is cast around it, producing an ingot such, for example,as shown in Fig. 1, the shape preferred being rectangular in cross-section, with corners beveled or rounded;

The shape of the core is preferably a Hat oval in cross-section, as shown in said. Fig. 1, and

the sides of the ingot at points opposite the extremities of the longer transverse axis of the cavity are preferably thinner than at intermediate points, since the former admits of the pressure from the rolls in ilat rolling being exerted more directly on the core material, and thereby prevents the crowding of core ma tcria'i or the ingot metal, or both, laterally during the rolling, while the thinning oi" the ingot metal at the edges of the core admits of reducing the ingot to a coi'npleted black with but slight edge-finishing, or possibly without any edge-finishing.

The ingdtits thus formed is reduced, either by hammering or by fiat rolling, edge rolling combined, to a flattened formsuch as is represented in Fig. 2, for example. The reducing-rollers are'preferably so shaped or applied in such a manner that the reduced ingot, as represented in Fig. 2, will have the metal disposed so that there will be a somewhat increased thickness of metal at the ends d and at one or more corresponding points,

blank between the The object of the increased thickness d, on opposite sides of the ends.

at the ends is to furnish theadditional metal required in opening up the ends without reducing the general thickness of the tube-wall at those points, and the exterior bulging of pose of providing work, and hence bite for a pair of rolls to draw the blank over a ball or mandrel. The bulging of the metal is preferably at points about one-half the distance from the edges to the center of the flattened-form, as shown in Fig. 2; but they might be located at other points, and more or less than two pairs of such ribs might be formed.

When the relative thicknesses of the ingot metal opposite are determined carefully with aview to econ; omyin material and a saving in the rolling process, the flattened form shown in Fig. 2 may become the completed blank ready to be opened up into a tube without further finish; but when such care has not been taken or has failed to produce the desired results, the blank iscompleted by trimming the edges of the flats tened form, and thereby making the metal at the ends of the completed blank the desired thickness.

During the process of casting the ingot, or

orby fiat and 1 the metal at intervening points is for the purthe edges and sides of the core during the process of reducing the ingot to the flattened form, or partly during both, the lining or casing of superior metal becomes welded to the ingot metal, and the completed IIO blank has the appearance oi a homogeneous mass of metal provided with an interior slit.

The modified form of core shown in Figs. 4,

5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 represents a few of the numerous forms which may be employed in forming the ingot, and the modifications shown in Figs.

10 and 11 represent two of the many forms which the blank may the rollers. g V

The particular form of blank which is adapted to be opened into a circular, tube is not herein particularly pointed out and distinguished from blanks adapted for other forms of tubes, as the same is intended to form the subject-matter of aseparate application, and, so far as the explanation herein made may be applicable to the circular form only, I wish to reserve the privilege of mating the same a part of said separate application.

Having fully described my inventiomwhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In the process of making a tube-blank, the following steps, viz: first, casting an ingot around a core, the wall of which consists wholly have as it comes from 011;), L sf .wperiei. I :iub'rior lining of superior metal, rereiiucmg ingot to a e ingot to aflattened form byfiab and ternai are. mg, and trimming the edges. In process making e formaking aseamless tube,c0n-

the fellewing saeps viz: the sou ssentially, of afiattzenedmetallicband partial Ol. complete lining of supelantially as set forth. will: for making aseamless tube, conenially, of aliattened l metallic band w or complete lining of supei and gmvided with Walls thickened bszantially as set forth.

In making seamless tubes, conlly, 0f afia'ntened metallic band l 5 rf or complete lining of supe- 40 301m by Ii-m and. edge r0 trimmed. edges, substantially In the process "f 'tliefollowiiig sore, 5W0 .iizzmetz'icallye 20 which extend near r the on tbeiutemn':

meny wi'iereof I have signed this on i we presence of twp subscrib- 1 mSiES.

A. MARSHALL. 'Witnesses:

' (F. JL'MALONEY,

A" MONTGOMERY. 

